Here's an article I saved from a long time back that has some background and also two recipes...
Tit Ta: The Chinese Art Of Healing Injuries
By Peter Lim Tian Tek
Chinese Martial Arts are very capable in causing injury to an
opponent. In fact, causing injury is the major means employed by a
majority of the Chinese Martial Arts to gain victory. Quite often
as well, injury occurs during training in them. This is mainly due
to the difficulty of the techniques, accidents during two man
training instances and hardening anatomical weapons.
Out of this need to heal these injuries and to prevent them from
occuring again by strengthening the body, traditional Chinese
Medicine was incorporated in to the Chinese Martial Arts. This
branch of Chinese Medicine was much dedicated to osteopathy and
truamatology and employed the theories and herbs of Traditional
Chinese Medicine in these areas.
Many boxers earned their keep buy selling injury healing medication
and treating such injuries. The poorer ones selling their wares in
the street and demonstrating their effectiveness by causing injury
to themselves and then applying the medication to show how fast it
healed the injury.
They also demonstrated feats of great strength and skill to
convince the crowds of their credability. A common demonstration
was to take an iron chain or bar and hit it against the arm or body
to cause injury and then applying the medication to show the
boxer's confidence in its healing powers. Out of this kinds of
demonstrations came the common name of this branch of Chinese
Medicince: 'Tit Ta' in Cantonese, 'Tieh Ta' in Mandarin and 'Iron
Hitting' in English. Those who were physicians and did not ply
their healing art in the streets by giving demonstrations adopted
a similar sounding name for their art which has the meaning 'Fall
and Hit' but they are actually one and the same healing art.
Tit Ta Medicine comprised of methods of healing injuries sustained
and methods of using medication to prevent injuries during training
in Chinese Martial Arts. One of the famous techniques that came out
of this science is the Iron Palm. The science of Tit Ta Medicine is
usually kept quite secret by Chinese Martial Arts exponents and
they do not reveal their recipes and techniques easily or
willingly. Tit Ta Medicine also has in its repetoire knowledge of
poisons and how to use them to heal and kill.
In recent years, many such Tit Ta medications are now produced
commercially and can be bought from the local Chinese Medicine Shop
or from pharmacists. Examples of these commercially available
medicines (which saves time since they can be bought off the shelf)
and traditional recipes will be given in this article. As far as
possible the western names of the herbs have been given. Tit Ta
Medication consists of two major areas: Internal Medicine (Nei Ke)
and External Medicine (Wai Ke).
These medications should not be used on pregnant women and women
during menstruation. For these two cases, please consult a
professional Chinese Physician or Tit Ta doctor for specific
prescriptions if you wish to use Chinese methods of healing.
Internal Medicine
These medications are taken internally to strengthen the body,
improve the circulation, break up blood clots, stop internal
bleeding and heal the musculature and bones of injury. They usually
come in the form of decoctions, powders, pills and wines.
This kind of medication is often taken as a complement to
externally applied medication on the site of the injury. Some of
the herbs used in these two kinds medications are often the same
but the quantity used for external application is often more. Some
medicated wines can often be used both internally and externally.
There are several types of internal Tit Ta medication available
commercially. One of the most famous is the Yunnan Bai Yao or
Yunnan White Medication. It is excellent for injuries and can be
used both internally and externally. It is available both in powder
and capsule form. Another is the Shaolin Tieh Da Huo Xue Dan or
Shaolin Iron Hitting Blood Invigourating Pill, it is taken for
injuries resulting from falls and contusions.
The use of internal medication often requires a clear understanding
of the internal condition of the patient. Traditional formulas are
often 'tailored' for the specific individual to suite their body
make-up. So no traditional formulas are presented here because of
this consideration.
External Medicine
This is where Tit Ta Medication is most well known. External Tit Ta
Medication comes usually as powders, plasters, pastes, balms and
liniments. The liniments being the most famous of the lot often
being referred to as Tit Ta Jow (Iron Hitting Wine) or Tit Ta Yow
(Iron Hitting Oil). External medication is often toxic and should
not be consumed, they should be kept out of reach of children. Some
of these medications also open up the pores and circulation and so
for the duration of the effect of the medication, the wound should
be kept away from water, cold air or wind or rheumatism might set
in.
These are applied directly to the injury and acts through the skin
(some medication is only suitable for injury that does not break
the skin and cannot be used in open wound situations) to reach the
damaged tissue and bone. They are also good for cases of rheumatism
and arthritis. Liniments are rubbed onto the skin and often if the
injury involves a joint or major muscle or is a sprain, the area is
manipulated to straighten the tendons and bones and to increase the
blood circulation to the area. Such manipulations are a science
unto themselves and form an essential part of the science of Tit Ta
Medicine. As they are many and varied, they will not be discussed
here.
Powders are usually used for open wounds and if mixed with wine
into a paste, as a compress or poultice. These are most often used
when there has been a severe injury with crushed muscles or broken
bones. These pastes are often referred to as bone setting pastes
(Jie Gu Gao) and because of their effectiveness, Tit Ta Physcians
are also often referred to as Bone Setting Doctors.
These powders and pastes are usually not commercially available and
are kept rather secret. A good powder that is used for bruises and
fractures is the Shaolin Chi Li San. The ingrediants are crushed
into powder form and then mixed with white rice wine into a paste
which is used over the injured area (no broken skin) and wrapped
with gauze and bandaged into place. It is left overnight and
removed the next day and the medication is continued until the
injury is healed.
Recipe For Chi Li San:
Defatted Croton Seed Powder 5g
Frankincense 5g
Myrrh 5g
Resina Draconis 5g
Natural Copper (crushed) 5g
Sodium Borate 5g
Tuber of Pinellia 5g
Radix Angelica Sinensis 10g
Plasters are used not only to heal the injury but to draw out the
'damp' from the wound and so prevent rheumatism. Many such
medicated plasters are now available commercially and are used
mainly for rheumatic pain. The older form of the plaster was just
a round dab of thickened medicinal paste in the centre of a piece
of paper or thick cloth which was administered to the desired area
of skin. Its quite troublesome to make in small quantities and so
commercial preparations are prefereable.
By far the most noted medication from the repetoire of Tit Ta
Medication are the liniments. These have long been used to heal and
prevent injuries due to martial arts training. So much so that they
are often an indespensible companion to the martial artist. The
recipes for these liniments are always a closely kept secret and
often are very old. There are basically four types of liniment in
Tit Ta Medicine. Wine based liniment, oil based liniment, vinegar
based liniment and water based liniment.
Of the four types of liniment, each having its own advantages, wine
or alcohol based liniment is the most preferred. This is because
alcohol based liniments penetrate quickly to deliver the herbal
medication and evaporate quickly leaving the herbs to do their
work. It also achieves a higher concentration of the herbal
essenses since alcohol is a good solvent. The herbs are soaked in
the wine for a period of time until their essence becomes dissolved
in the wine. In the old days, it was not uncommon for the medicated
wine to be buried underground for months, burying keeps the mixture
at quite a cool constant temperature.
Iron Hitting Wine Recipe
Camphor (crushed) 10g
Raw Fruit of Cape Jasmine 5g
Raw Root of Kusenoff Monkshood 25g
Raw Aconite Root 25g
Raw Tuber Of Jackinthepulpit 25g
Raw Pinellia Tuber 25g
Cattail Pollen 25g
Raw Chinese Quince 200g
Raw Rhubarb 150g
Root-Bark of slenderstyle acanthopanax 100g
Rhizome of incised notopterygium 200g
Root of double teeth pubescent angelica 200g
Root of Red Peony 150g
Place in a sealed jar with white wine (Gao Liang Wine or any other
high alcohol content wine) for 7-15 days. It can be used for all
injuries that don't break the skin.
Oil based liniments are prepared in much the same way with the
herbs soaking in vegetable based oil like olive oil. At times the
herbs are simmered with oil in a non-metal pan (metal pans may
cause chemical changes in the herbal mix) to draw out the essences.
Oil based liniment penetrate relatively slowly compared to wine
liniments and they remain there for a longer period of time. Whilst
useful for certain types of injuries such as crushed musclature
without swelling, it is best not to use it in cases where there is
swelling as it might aggrevate the swelling.
Water based liniments usually need to be warmed before use, this is
to aid the penetration of the medication through the skin. It is
the cheapest to produce this kind of liniment. Since it can made in
large quantities at relatively low costs it is often used in
training to harden anatomical weapons.
It has a disadvantage that water when retained in the hand and
subject to cold air or wind can result in poor circulation and
'damp' leading to rheumatism. So in using such liniment in
training, it is important to let the hand dry by itself thoroughly
without cold air or wind. The liniment is usually used before and
after such hardening training. A simple hand washing liniment for
the Iron Palm is as follows:
Iron Palm Water Based Liniment (Yi Jin Jing Recipe)
Equal quantities of Chinese Wolf Berry and table salt in a large
pot of water. Simmer the mixture for about 30 minutes. Warm the
mixture to about 40 degrees Celcius before using and wash the
hands, massaging them in the mixture, before and after training.
Make sure you take the precautions state above.
Vinegar based liniments are good to reduce swelling and
inflammation but prolonged use makes the bones brittle and so they
should not be used for sustained training like Iron Palm. They are
also prepared by soaking herbs in the base.
Commercial preparations are now available for such liniments, some
like Zhen Gu Shui are excellent. There are many such liniments
available off the shelf and many share common herbal elements. Some
of these liniments have also been mixed with thinkener or a cream
base and sold as balms. Tiger Balm is an example of such a balm.
The advantages of a balm over a liquid is that it won't spill and
can be carried around in a small container safely everywhere you
go.
Conclusion
Commercial preparations make it convenient to use these age old
recipes for healing injuries and for training purposes. Some may
still prefer to prepare them in the traditional fashion as this may
result in a higher concentration.
There are thousands of such traditional recipes and many of them
are kept secret by the different masters and schools of Chinese
Martial Arts. Some of these recipes are highly effective. Perhaps
in the future, such recipes will be commercially available or
recorded down and made available for the benefit of all. The
science of Tit Ta Medication still holds treasures and fascination
for many martial artists. It has done so for many centuries and may
very well go on doing so for many centuries to come.
Peter Lim Tian Tek
limttk@merlion.singnet.com.sg
Singapore